Shikoku Pilgrimage Etiquette

Shikoku Pilgrimage Etiquette

In the Shikoku pilgrimage, etiquette and proper conduct are highly valued. However, for those who are unfamiliar, there can be many aspects that may be confusing. Here, we will introduce the basic manners and key points, following the general flow of the pilgrimage.

　

1. Greetings at the Mountain Gate

1. When you arrive at the mountain gate
   When you arrive at the mountain gate, it is customary to walk on the left side. As you pass through the gate, bow slightly while offering a greeting to the Kongōrikishi statues (Nio statues). Enter the temple grounds with the mindset of “I am here to pay my respects.”
2. When you enter the temple grounds
   Once inside the grounds, clasp your hands together in prayer facing the whole area, and express the feeling of “I am here to pray.” If you have a set of prayer beads (Juzu), place them on your left middle finger, and gather the excess beads in the palm of your hand for easier handling.
   
   
   

2.  Purification at the Water Pavilion (Chōzuya)

1. Washing Order
   Using the ladle (Hishaku), first pour water onto your left hand. Then, switch the ladle to your right hand to purify it. Next, pour water into your left palm to rinse your mouth (this is often omitted for hygienic reasons nowadays). Finally, hold the ladle upright to clean the handle and return it to its place.
   
2. Purifying the Heart
   Purifying the body with water also signifies purifying the heart. After quietly bowing, proceed to the next ritual.
   
   

3. Greeting at the Bell Tower (Shōrō)

If the temple has a bell tower, strike the bell once.
While the sound of the bell resonates, clasp your hands in prayer and calm your mind. This is an important ritual to greet the temple with “I have come to pray.”

4. Praying at the Main Hall

1. Lighting Candles and Incense
   If there is a designated area for lighting candles near the main hall, light your own candle. Do not directly borrow flame from other pilgrims; instead, light three incense sticks from your own candle (representing the past, present, and future). When placing incense in the incense holder, insert them from the back, leaving space for the next person.
   
2. Placing the Offering Slip (Osamefuda)
   The offering slip, known as “Osamefuda,” is considered an important item, likened to a “letter to your ancestors” by pilgrims. If there is an offering box, there may be separate boxes for the main hall and for sutra copying (shakyo). Follow the instructions and place your offering accordingly.
   
3. Entering the Temple Grounds
   When entering the main hall, enter from the left side, bow slightly, and proceed inside. Do not throw your offering coins aggressively; instead, place them quietly (there is a belief that even in the dark, the sound of the coin should be just audible). When facing the main deity, make sure to leave space for the next person by standing slightly off-center.
   
4. Reciting Sutras and Making Prayers
   While holding your Kongōzue (Kongō staff) in front of you or cradling it, recite the sutras. Once you have finished chanting, say “Thank you” to express gratitude to the main deity. If you are with companions, express your gratitude together, saying “We have safely completed the pilgrimage, thank you.”
   
5. Leaving the Main Hall
   When leaving the main hall, face the main deity once again as you cross the threshold, and offer a bow, saying “Thank you” or “I’m off now,” with a feeling of gratitude.
   
   
   

5. Praying at the Daishidō (Hall of Kōbō Daishi)

After completing the main hall, head to the Daishidō, which enshrines Kōbō Daishi (Kōbai). Since it is an important hall, be sure to pray here as well, along with the main hall.

1. Handling Candles and Incense
   Before going to the Daishidō, light your candle once again. It is important to light incense from your own candle. After lighting your incense, place your candle safely in the upper section to prevent burns or the risk of setting your clothes on fire.
   
2. Placing the Offering Slip
   The Daishidō will also have an offering box for the Osamefuda. In many Daishidōs, the main deity is viewed through glass, but some halls are designed to allow pilgrims to see the statue of Kōbō Daishi through a designated opening. Be sure to confirm and bow in prayer.
   
3. Reciting Sutras and Making Prayers
   Offer coins quietly at the Daishidō, and while bowing, recite the sutras. After finishing, express your gratitude and keep your prayers close to your heart.
   
   

6. Exiting the Mountain Gate

When leaving the temple grounds, you will pass through the mountain gate once more. You may be tempted to take a shortcut, but it is proper to exit through the main gate. Walk on the left side as you leave, and before you depart, bow to the entire temple grounds, saying “Thank you” or “I’m off now,” with a final greeting to conclude your visit.

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Conclusion

The etiquette of the Shikoku pilgrimage emphasizes the importance of “thinking of others” and “expressing gratitude.” It is important to be considerate of others, such as arranging the incense for the next person, offering coins and making gestures quietly, and always remembering to greet others when you leave. By practicing these small rituals with care, you will experience a deeper meaning in your pilgrimage.

If you are ever unsure about any of the customs, feel free to ask veteran pilgrims or temple staff. They will be happy to offer guidance. Please continue your pilgrimage safely and with a peaceful heart.